Turbehتربة

An atlas of Islamic mausoleums

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Mahabat Maqbara

ضريح مهابت خانમહોબત મકબરો Mahobat Makbaro

The tomb of Nawab Mahabat Khanji II of Junagadh, finished in 1892 in a mix of Indo-Islamic, Gothic and European styles, beside his vizier Bahauddin’s tomb of 1891-18961,2.

Built
1878–1892 CE
1294–1310 AH
India’s Ministry of Tourism and Gujarat Tourism date the work from 1878, in the reign of Nawab Mahabat Khanji II, to 1892, under his son Bahadur Khanji1,2. Watson’s official Statistical Account of Junagadh (1884), written after the Nawab’s death in 1882, reported a mausoleum and a mosque in his memory as being built, without giving a start date3. The vizier’s tomb beside it dates from 1891-18961.
Period
Babi dynasty, Nawabs of Junagadh1,3
Commissioned by
Nawab Mahabat Khanji II (r. 1851-1882), who began it; completed under his son Nawab Bahadur Khanji III1,2,3
Built for
Nawab Mahabat Khanji II (d. 29 September 1882), whose grave it holds1,3
Materials
Carved façades and arches with a yellowish light-brown exterior; marble columns, marble tracery and marble jalis; a large silver door1
Location
Junagadh, India
Mahabat Maqbara
Photograph: Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

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Mahabat Maqbara: 3D model

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History

From the mid-18th century Junagadh, in Kathiawar, was ruled by the Babi family: Sher Khan Babi, the last Mughal faujdar (military governor) of the Sorath region, made himself independent there and took the title of Nawab Bahadur Khan3. Muhammad Mahabat Khan came to the throne in 1851, at about fourteen, after the death of his elder brother3,4. His mother’s faction controlled him in his early years, until he escaped with his brother-in-law Shaikh Baha-ud-din to the protection of a British political officer4. Baha-ud-din later served as his vizier3. Mahabat Khanji attended the Imperial Darbar at Delhi in 1877 and died on 29 September 1882; his son Bahadur Khanji succeeded him3.

Gujarat Tourism and India’s Ministry of Tourism say that Mahabat Khanji began the mausoleum in 1878 and that it was finished in 1892 under Bahadur Khanji1,2. Watson’s official Statistical Account of Junagadh, published in 1884, reported that a mausoleum and a mosque in memory of the late Nawab were being built “at a very large expense”3. The tomb holds Mahabat Khanji’s grave1. North of it stands a second mausoleum, the Bahauddin Maqbara or Vizier’s Maqbara, which the vizier Shaikh Bahauddin Husain Bhar built in 1891-18961. Both tombs stand a few steps from the town’s Jama Masjid1.

Architecture

The two tombs combine Indo-Islamic, Gothic and European forms1. Their façades and arches are carved inside and out and have a yellowish light-brown finish, with onion-shaped domes, French windows, sculpture, marble columns and tracery, and marble jalis (pierced screens)1. One of the tombs has four minarets, each with a staircase winding around its outside1. The neighbouring Jama Masjid follows the same style, with onion domes and minarets ringed by external spiral stairs1.

Inside

The Ministry of Tourism mentions a large silver door at the entrance, and describes the Nawab’s tomb as having several chambers with carved decoration, lit through lattice windows1. Mahabat Khanji’s grave lies inside1.

What to look for

  1. The cluster of onion domes over the Nawab’s tomb1.
  2. French windows and marble tracery on the carved façades1.
  3. Minarets wrapped by staircases spiralling up the outside1.
  4. The large silver door at the entrance1.
  5. The vizier’s tomb of 1891-1896, the Bahauddin Maqbara, just to the north1.

Visiting

  • The Mahabat Maqbara, the Bahauddin Maqbara and the Jama Masjid stand within a few steps of each other1.
  • The Mahabat Circle, a circle of shops in front of the Nawab’s palace, is among the new buildings that Watson listed in 18843.

Sources

  1. Ministry of Tourism, Government of India (Incredible India): Mahabat Maqbara
  2. Gujarat Tourism: Mahabat Khan Maqbara Junagadh
  3. J. W. Watson (Bombay, 1884): Statistical Account of Junagadh, being the Junagadh contribution to the Kathiawar portion of the Bombay Gazetteer
  4. Government of Bombay (Bombay: Government Central Press, 1884): Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, vol. VIII: Kathiawar

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